The sky at all times beckoned man, but for a long time remained inaccessible. Now parachuting, as one of the types of aviation, including many of its varieties - group acrobatics, classics, dome acrobatics, skysurfing, freefly, swoop, is available to everyone.
Many people want to jump with a parachute, but not everyone dares to make their dream come true, not knowing where to start. Believe me, it is not at all difficult to achieve what you want if you have medical indications and funds, you just have to contact the flying club and take a course. And then the sky will open its arms to you.
Historical information
The most famous first inventor who dreams of giving mankind the opportunity to freely soar in the sky like a bird and land safely, of course, is Leonardo da Vinci. The Renaissance left behind documentary evidence of attempts to create a device for flight, but this does not mean that such efforts were not made by people before, one has only to recall the myth of Daedalus and Icarus.
Only two centuries later, the balloonist Andre-Jacques Garnerin realized Leonardo's dream. He was able to take to the sky in a balloon and jump out of his basket with a parachute, from a height of two thousand meters, successfully landing.
The twentieth century is a time of rapid development of aviation, which means that parachute equipment was needed. Initially, special equipment was required for military pilots, and it was invented by G. Kotelnikov. Our compatriot was the first to present to the world an excellent model of a light, comfortable and compact parachute. The invention in the form of a backpack parachute with a silk dome and freely placed behind the pilot's back, without restricting movements, was patented and became the first decisive step towards the emergence of parachuting. For the opportunity to soar freely in the sky, “thank you” to the Russian inventor should be said by every fan of this sport.
Attractive sides
This sport can be interesting for both a guy and a girl, because it is unusual, extreme and exciting. Among the positive aspects of skydiving are:
- the opportunity to make sure that courage is one of your main character traits;
- if you have a fear of heights, overcome it;
- overflow with unforgettable sensations of free fall and easy soaring;
- feel the delight of everything that happens;
- find like-minded people, and, possibly, true friends;
- look at the earth from a height, from a different angle;
- give friends and family a reason to be proud of your passion and courage.
Contraindications
The fashion for skydiving, and the presence of schools for beginners in almost all major cities, does not mean that it is accessible to everyone. Not everyone can jump with a parachute, but only those who have no medical contraindications. What are the restrictions for skydiving? This is a series of diseases and symptoms in the form of:
- diabetes mellitus and epilepsy;
- chronic diseases during exacerbations, including cardiovascular and others;
- evidence of high blood pressure;
- the presence of injuries and fractures of the limbs;
- unstable psyche;
- hearing problems, including inflammation of the middle ear;
- impaired coordination with poor spatial orientation;
- poor vision (exception in the form of contact lenses or well-fixed glasses with plastic glasses;
- low weight (only from forty kilograms);
- heavy weight (more than ninety kilograms);
- alcohol or drug use.
In order to avoid undesirable consequences, before visiting the flying club to decide on skydiving, it is recommended to consult a doctor about the state of health, especially for those who have problems listed in the list of contraindications.
Where to begin?
So, you are convinced that your health allows you to go skydiving. The next step is to visit the flying club to find out the cost and conditions. Due to the fact that this is an extreme sport that does not forgive mistakes, the approach must be responsible and serious, with mandatory preparation for the jump under the guidance of an experienced instructor.
It takes some time, but it allows you to master the basics of the first jump, hone actions to automaticity, learn about behavior in emergency situations when the main parachute does not open or the landing occurs in an unforeseen place, such as the roof of a building or swampy terrain. Knowledge and good training in parachuting, like any other, is the key to success.
Types of jumps
You can skydive for the first time on your own or with the help of a coach. An independent jump is called a classic, and together with an instructor - a tandem.
The features of the classical method are a small height of six hundred to eight hundred meters, the indispensable opening of the parachute canopy, and a short time of free flight. Pros of the method:
- this is a proven and safe way;
- equipment in the form of a parachute of a high degree of reliability;
- the jump can be made together with relatives and friends;
- low cost.
- duration of ground training;
- possible difficulty of independent control of a parachute;
- the parachute weighs a lot;
- free fall takes too little time;
- it is impossible to remove the action, since it is necessary to control the jump.
Those daredevils who jump without an instructor should be aware of the mandatory forced opening of the parachute after five seconds. This free fall ends and the three-minute flight begins. To successfully land, you need to turn into the wind, slow down and touch the ground with both limbs at the same time.
Tandem is an improved version of the jump, performed from a height of up to three and a half thousand meters, together with an instructor. A modern, effective teaching method allows, if you are quick-witted, to comprehend the basics of the process in a short time and has advantages in the form of:
- absolute safety, thanks to the control of the instructor;
- well controlled parachute;
- longer feeling of free flight;
- the opportunity to film the entire process on camera.
- high cost of the enterprise and inaccessibility to the general public.
Features of the method - occurs with the help of a parachute - wing, free fall lasts up to a minute, a successful landing is guaranteed.
Programs
One has only to try skydiving once to become a fan of this sport for many years. Many people get into skydiving this way, being fascinated by the sensations of the first jump. In order for the hobby to be safe and professionally organized, you need to have a certificate of completion of special training. This is also a chance to compete with others in all kinds of competitions at the national level. There are two standard training programs - classical and accelerated.
In the classical program, jumps are practiced using a parachute with a round canopy. Then gradually move on to other types. In the accelerated AFF program, which is more efficient and modern, a special parachute system for students is used for training. This makes it possible to repeatedly practice the desired exercise directly in the air. Nearby is an instructor who jumped together with a student to control the jump in order to eliminate existing comments on the spot.
Age restrictions
Guidance documents, which must be strictly observed by all relevant organizations, state that for skydiving for boys and girls, the minimum age is fourteen years old, if they have the right health condition and have completed a full preparatory program. For minors, until they reach the age of eighteen, it is necessary to have a signed parental permission, or their presence at the airport.
Equipment
This is an important part of skydiving and requires special equipment. Requirements for shoes - top height, thickened sole, strong lacing, secure fixation of the ankles, to avoid dislocation of the legs. Requirements for clothing - a snug fit to the body, without constraint of movement, the absence of extra locks with buttons, so that there is no hook with a parachute. The ideal option is a warm ski jumpsuit. You can not do without warm woolen gloves to protect your hands, hats and special glasses.
The helmet is issued by the employees of the flying club. Landing is not always comfortable, so you should take care of a spare set if the main one suddenly gets dirty or torn. Good gear, no matter the cost, is essential to a successful jump, and it deserves special attention.
Issue price
The cost of skydiving is quite high and depends on the chosen method. The classic version of an independent jump can cost up to three thousand rubles, and a tandem jump will be more expensive, up to nine thousand. Photo and video shooting is additionally paid.
Parachuting is extraordinary, super-emotional and extreme. In it, you can realize yourself, along with your feelings, aspirations, goals, regardless of age and gender, and fulfill the dream of free fall. Therefore, it will always be in demand.
Jumps for precision landing - parachute jumps exactly in the middle of a circle specially marked on the ground. This is the oldest type of parachuting. Jumps for precision landing appeared in the 60s, when the first controlled round parachutes appeared. Then the task was to land in a 100-meter circle. A deviation of 80 meters was considered a good result. Today, the tolerance is 0 centimeters or, as they say, “zero”. Currently, there are special parachutes designed to work on landing accuracy.
Individual acrobatics - performing acrobatic stunts in the air in free fall. As a kind of parachuting, individual acrobatics appeared almost simultaneously with jumps for precision landing. If landing accuracy is the ability to control the canopy, then acrobatics is the ability to control your body on the stream. For more than 20 years, exercises on the ability to control one's body (in the horizontal plane - performing spirals, in the vertical plane - rotations, performing somersaults) have been the basis of international and national competitions.
Subsequently, the exercises were called “classic parachuting”.
Group acrobatics - building the maximum number of figures in the air from several parachutists. It is one of the most accessible sports for advanced athletes. The first version of group acrobatics is “classic”, when the number of paratroopers in a team is 4 or 8. Accordingly, the teams are called “fours” and “eights”. The main formations for rebuilding are usually known and announced before the start of the competition. The names of the figures already give some idea of how they will look: “glass”, “star”, “rings”, etc. The second variant of group acrobatics is the construction of formations from a record large number of paratroopers.
Para-Ski (Para - ski) - combined in classical parachuting and skiing. Athletes first jump with a parachute for precision landing (classic parachuting), and then ski at a certain distance. Competitions in this type of parachuting appeared simultaneously with competitions in jumping for precision landing.
Skysurfing (Skysurfing) - parachute ski jumping with the performance of various figures in the air in free fall. This is a relatively young type of parachuting. Having appeared recently, it has received a very rapid development in Russia. The aerodynamics of a skier is very different from a simple free fall, which is why ski jumping is considered almost a different sport. Since all the work is done in free fall, an air operator is needed to evaluate the jump, who films the entire jump. Based on this video, an assessment is made. Thus, the team consists of two people: a skier-skysurfer and an operator. Only 50 seconds of the jump counts. The skill and artistry of the figures, as well as the work of the operator, are evaluated. In order for the ski not to interfere, in emergency situations there is an automatic mechanism for uncoupling the ski.
Freestyle (FreeStyle) - performance in the air in free fall of a set of various figures by a parachutist. All work is in free fall and an operator is needed to observe the jump. Working out figures on the ground requires special equipment. Close to freestyle are Sit Flying (“Seated Flying” - literally translated) and Vertical Relative Work - VRW. These types are traditionally also considered freestyle, and have very little difference. Freestyle classes are available for many advanced athletes, but due to the lack of information on freestyle in Russia, this sport has not yet received proper development.
Freefly (Free Fly) - execution by a team in the air in free fall of various figures
Relatively young and, perhaps, the most spectacular artistic discipline of parachuting. Appearing in the early 90s, freeflying was the result of a long search and attempts by skydivers to break out of the rigid and conservative sport. Freefly is a team sport. The team consists of two athletes (performers) performing various figures during a free fall, and an aerial video cameraman filming them. This sport is an interactive discipline that involves the interaction of the air operator and the team. The performance of the team starts from the moment of leaving the aircraft and lasts 45 seconds. Unlike traditional types of parachuting, where the vertical speed of falling is 180-200 km/h, in freefly the speed of falling of team members can reach 250-300 km/h due to vertical fall postures (upside down, standing, etc.) The skill of the team members is characterized not only by the dexterity of own body control, but also by the ability to feel the air flow and move in it.
Swoop (Swoop) - parachute jumps with a long span above the ground upon landing. With the advent of high-speed elliptical domes, it became possible to build high-speed landing approaches and overflights. For this discipline, some manufacturers even produce special domes. This is a highly technical dispersal of the dome in front of the ground. Swoop, as well as dome acrobatics, is one of the dangerous, but at the same time spectacular discipline in skydiving. Since 1999, competitions have been held in speed and length of flight, and when holding competitions on water - in accuracy.
Blade Running (Blade Running) - jumping from a small height with a long span above the ground. This sport began to develop in the early 90s. Blade Running is somewhat related to the discipline of swoop. When performing the exercise, you must jump from a small height or not jump at all. The main goal is to fly down the slope, keeping at a distance of 0.5-2 meters from it, and fly as far as possible, maneuvering between the flags and developing an average speed of 100 km / h.
Parabaluning (Para - balooning) - competitions for the accuracy of hitting the target marker of the pilot of the aircraft and the parachutist thrown by him. This sport is a type of sports biathlon. When performing the exercise, the pilot must hit the target not only with a marker (160th tape and a 7-gram weight attached to it), but also with the parachutist thrown by him. The pilot is faced with a difficult task - to fly as low as possible, but not lower than 1000 m. skydiver needs height to jump. The first Parabaluning Cup was held in May 2003 in Ukraine (Feodosiya, Crimea).
BASE (B.A.S.E.) - parachute jumps from static objects. B.A.S.E. - translated into Russian, the abbreviation of the words: “high houses and skyscrapers”, “antennas and towers”, “high bridges”, “rocks”. This sport is more psychological than just parachuting. Moreover, more than half of the jumps are made unofficially and illegally.
Parachuting, as one of the varieties of extreme sports, is very popular. It is constantly evolving, new schools and clubs are opening, so that anyone can have the opportunity to make their dream come true. If there are no health problems, you can take a chance and step into the clouds.
Parachuting - interesting facts
- The largest number of jumps (13800) was made by the domestic athlete Yuri Baranov.
- The oldest type of competition is precision landing, when you need to land at a strictly defined point. At this point, a special electrical sensor is installed, and the athlete needs to step on it with his foot.
- The main types of this sports direction include free fall and piloting.
- The distance to the point at which the dome opens when jumping is 3 km. And the skydiver covers this distance in a minute.
- Going down under the dome, it is impossible to talk, although in movies we are used to seeing something completely different.
- The oldest skydiver in the world is George Moise, he jumped from a height of 3000 m. Thus, he congratulated himself on his 97th birthday.
- In Japan, a jump called “Banzai” is common: first, a parachute is thrown out of the plane, and then the athlete jumps out, catches up with him, puts it on and opens it in the air.
Features of parachuting
Parachuting has a number of features that make it very attractive. These include:
- Risk and adrenaline. Everyone who jumps strives for one thing - to get a new portion of emotions, to prove their courage to themselves, relatives and friends.
- Quick addiction. Anyone who has ever tried to jump with a parachute may well become addicted to this sport and embark on the path of professional skydiving.
- Safety in compliance with all requirements. Before the flight, high-quality tests and briefings are mandatory. Athletes are also consulted by a doctor to exclude the presence of contraindications.
- A few outfits. The necessary equipment for the descent is a helmet, goggles, gloves and overalls. And, of course, a parachute.
Types of skydiving
Today, athletes train and compete in skydiving in several main areas. Some types of jumps can be performed not only by experienced professionals, but by almost everyone.
Single jumps
Anyone can jump independently, even if it will be the very first time. But parachuting implies mandatory training, theory and practice. Those who want to jump are trained for 7 hours and, after completing all the tasks, they are allowed to jump and equipment is issued.
If a person feels fear, then the coach comes down with him. He is nearby and watches everything that happens. The height of the parachute jump is limited only for beginners (up to 1 km).
Tandem jumps
Skydiving is not only single jumps, but also in tandem with another person. Usually when training, this is a trainer. Together with the coach it is desirable to descend for the first time. This increases security, since most of the work is done by a professional.
If you have experience, you are allowed to jump with other people.
Free fall
This variety is available to those who are skydiving professionally, it includes several disciplines:
- Individual acrobatics is a direction in which the athlete is required to complete a certain number of somersaults, rotations and spirals in a set time.
- Group acrobatics - the performance of different figures and restructuring in the horizontal plane by several athletes.
- Freefly is a high-speed fall of two people, which is accompanied by their performance of acrobatic elements.
- Freestyle - gives free rein to the athlete's imagination. Descending under the dome, he can do any pirouettes, showing his plastique and coordination.
- Skysurfing is jumping with a special ski and performing various tricks.
Required equipment
The main part of the equipment is. It consists of:
- Parachutes: main, retractable and reserve.
- Automatic safety device.
All of the above components are included in the backpack.
The next important element in the outfit is shoes. The ankle in it must be securely fixed to reduce the risk of injury upon landing. For this purpose, berets are recommended.
Professionals advise wearing double-layer jumpers when jumping. gloves from synthetic and cotton fabric. Gloves improve grip and make canopy control easier.
Skydiver jumpsuit
For one or two jumps, this accessory, of course, is not needed. But if you intend to get involved in skydiving seriously and for a long time, then it is better to buy a special jumpsuit. Such clothing does not restrict maneuvers, insulates and protects against scratches and abrasions, which are easy to get when landing. The jumpsuit has a special shape to increase the aerodynamics of the athlete during the flight.
Helmet
This accessory in skydiving is required. It can be soft or hard. Soft helmets are made from leather and textiles. They cover the head from the wind and do not allow the hair to stick to the face. Rigid helmets are made of plastic and carbon fiber. They may be partially or completely deaf, equipped with headphones and a microphone.
Glasses
Glasses will be required if the athlete chooses an open helmet. Their function is to protect the eyes from wind and ultraviolet radiation. There are certain criteria for choosing this accessory:
- It is undesirable for glasses to be very narrow, otherwise they will not provide adequate protection.
- Glasses should be chosen impact-resistant so that they do not cause injury by breaking.
- It is better to try on glasses at the same time as a helmet, since these two accessories are used together.
How to go skydiving
If you are sure that you are ready to jump with a parachute, go to a specialized club. It can be found on the Internet, but you need to read the available reviews, as well as make sure that the organization has received all the necessary permissions. Preparation usually takes from one to several days.
The rules for the first jump are the same everywhere:
- Parachuting is allowed to those who have passed a medical examination and have no contraindications. Therefore, the club will definitely require you to undergo a medical examination and obtain a conclusion.
- The briefing before the jump is mandatory. It takes 5-7 hours. During the briefing, explanations are given on how to behave in an airplane, how to control a parachute and land, what should be done in unexpected situations.
- Before the jump, club employees take a receipt from a person - this is a formality that should not be frightened.
- For the first descent, a paratroopers' parachute is issued. It reveals itself three seconds after the jump.
Which jump to choose
Jumping for the first time is scary, it is difficult to imagine your feelings in advance. Possible types of jumps for beginners:
- Independent. Height - 800 meters, preliminary training is carried out, techniques are mastered, possible situations and ways out of them are described. The descent does not take much time, and the parachute itself deploys automatically.
- Double jump. It can be done with an instructor. Everything you need will be done by a professional, and you will just need to relax and enjoy. With sufficient experience, it is allowed to jump in a pair with another person. Moreover, if both of you are doing this for the first time, it is better to go down under different domes.
The speed of falling when jumping with a parachute is about 200 km / h (60 m / s); after opening the dome - up to 5 m / s; The descent itself lasts up to 7 minutes.
Safety regulations
Parachuting, like any extreme sport, is always associated with risk. Although, subject to all established requirements, it is considered quite safe. Accidents, of course, are not excluded, but they are quite rare. In order not to replenish their number, you must:
- Clearly perform the necessary actions: open the spare canopy at the desired height, do not make sudden maneuvers, take into account the weather and wind direction.
- Check the presence of the reserve parachute and the correct packing to eliminate problems with the opening.
- Avoid collisions with other skydivers.
- Observe discipline, do not allow excessive self-confidence.
- Group correctly before landing to avoid dislocations and bruises, which are not dangerous to health, but very unpleasant.
Contraindications
There are certain types of diseases and conditions in the presence of which skydiving is not acceptable. These include:
- The state of alcoholic intoxication.
- Cardiovascular diseases.
- Mental disorders.
- Farsightedness or nearsightedness.
- Diabetes mellitus and epilepsy.
- recent fractures.
- Anorexia or obesity.
- Do not jump if you are afraid of heights.
Altimeter- cm. parachute altimeter.
aneroid- a hermetically sealed container designed to determine atmospheric pressure by comparing it with the gas pressure inside the container.
Aerodrome- (from the Greek. aer - air and dromos - running, a place to run) A land plot with air space, structures and equipment that provide take-off, landing, placement and maintenance of aircraft, helicopters and gliders. Not to be confused with the airport.
Base- 1. formation of one or more paratroopers (possibly with open parachutes), who decided not to move anywhere and wait for the rest. 2. The position in space from which the skydiver must start attacking the target when working on accuracy.
Boss- an element in the form of a ball, pillow or short tube. Attaches to a soft jellyfish, drogue, etc. for convenience as a grip.
Rope- slang. 1. jump on . 2. Exhaust halyard pulling the cover off the parachute.
Mi-8 helicopter- a type of LA. Not to be confused with by plane An-2.
pinwheel- slang. Mi-8 helicopter.
Wingsuit- a special suit that improves the quality of planning of a parachutist who has not yet opened his parachute.
Issuing- a person responsible for the strict implementation of the established procedure when paratroopers leave the aircraft (including sighting). Communicates with others, as a rule, publicly available signs and gestures. Looks at paratroopers from above.
Branch height- testimony parachute altimeter in the moment branches.
Parachute altimeter- a device designed to measure the height of a paratrooper during free fall and when descending under a parachute.
Pull ring- a ring pulled out (hence the name) by a paratrooper from suspension system to open the parachute.
pilot chute- cm. exhaust parachute.
Vyazanka- entanglement of two or more parachutes when working on dome acrobatics, as well as knocking down the formation of group acrobats.
Gazir- Textile pocket with elastic band. Designed for laying a beam in it sling.
chest jumper- Part suspension system designed to hold the parachutist in the harness.
group acrobatics- the direction of parachuting. It consists in the high-speed construction (rebuilding) of figures by a group of paratroopers in free fall.
crush pillow- (colloquial) briefly extinguish the speed of a parachute type wing by pulling the control lines and thereby changing the trajectory of its flight. The effect is possible only due to the reserve speed of the parachute type wing.
Drog- a small parachute, used when tandem-jump to stabilize the fall. Also performs the functions pilot chute.
Oak- caress. slang. name among parachute athletes D-1-5U (see also drag parachute).
Arc- view failure. Usually caused by pilot chute or lines getting caught on something. materiel or a skydiver's limb.
hangup behind the aircraft- view special occasion, in which a parachutist who tried to separate from an airplane or helicopter is hooked by a parachute system that has not worked in a regular way for him and flies, thus tied outside.
hangup on a bridle or jellyfish- a type of failure of the parachute system, when for some reason the pilot chute could not open the main parachute container.Delay- time free fall in seconds, starting from branches and ending with the opening of one of the parachutes (or attempt).
twist- beam twisting phenomenon sling parachute after it has opened, which may result in the parachute not working properly.
spare wheel- a parachute designed to be used in case of failure or abnormal operation of the main parachute.
Shading— 1. zone of turbulent flow behind a rapidly moving body. 2. The situation when the pilot chute enters the turbulent zone and cannot leave it on its own.
puff- kapron braid with pointed edges, used for zachekovka knapsack valves.
capture- 1. intentional holding by a skydiver with a leg or hand domes or parts of the body of another skydiver when performing group or dome acrobatics. 2. A device on the object that can be grasped and held with hands or feet.
hook- unintentional and unwanted fixation of skydivers' equipment.
Check in- fix something with a special device. For example, to fix tightened knapsack valve by using hairpins(or a metal cable) inserted into a metal cone (or soft loop) over the eyelet put on it.
The waiting area- the area of space in which the parachutist under the canopy must be before the landing approach is carried out.
Instructor- a position in the staff list of the flying club.
Camera- bag-shaped sleeve-shaped textile object. Designed to fit in domes and parts sling. May not be available on some parachutes. There are two holes in the chamber: a large one - for laying through it domes inside, and a small one on the opposite side, into which it is threaded bridle(here it can be attached to the camera).
Carbine- a metal product designed for detachable connection of two objects to each other. In parachuting, what is at one end halyard, which he fastens to the cable in LA. Everything else is called "carbines".
Valve- detail knapsack parachute. It is used to fix the parachute in the stowed form and to give knapsack a certain form.
Classic- the direction of parachuting. Includes individual acrobatics and work on landing accuracy.
toggle- a plastic or ebonite cylinder with rounded ends and a transverse through hole in the middle. Of red color. It is fixed at the ends of the control lines for their fixation in the upper position and ease of control. Currently, instead of toggles, soft loops are widely used. Not to be confused with boss.
Klevant- cm. toggle(female).
Witch- slang. wind cone.
Complex- a certain set of figures necessary for construction in a particular discipline.
locker- fixing the relative position of the control points of the interacting parts of the parachute with the help of special threads (cords) of a certain strength.
wind cone- a device in the form of a cloth tapering sleeve of bright colors, pivotally mounted on a pole. Serves to determine the strength and direction of the wind near the ground (syn. wind indicator, sorcerer).
Cone of Opportunity Dome- an area in space, being in which the parachutist has the opportunity to reach the target. Parameters ~ depend on the direction and strength of the wind, the quality of the parachute.
Red sling — sling, from which the parachute winding begins. Not to be confused with the red line.
Kroki- plan airfield with specific landmarks.
Wing- A type of parachute. Dome such a parachute consists of two shells and ribs, has a profile and aerodynamic properties of the wing, like an aircraft.
Hook laying- an auxiliary device for laying in the form of a large metal hook with a plastic handle.
Dome- (ital. cupola, from lat. cupula - barrel) - a detail of a parachute of a hemispherical shape or in the form of a wing. It is she who slows down its decline (round dome) or ensures its planning (parachute type wing). Made of fabric and power tapes. Attached to suspension system slings, To camera And pilot chute — Bridle.
Dome acrobatics- the direction of parachuting. Construction of figures by a group of paratroopers under the open domes.
Canopy piloting- the direction of parachuting. Flying along the surface at high speed obtained by a special canopy acceleration technique. CP is for speed, accuracy and range.
Aircraft- a means for delivering paratroopers to a height.
Pilot- a person who controls the movements (including rolls) aircraft. Communicating with signs issuing. Leaves aircraft extreme, usually at the height of the landing.
materiel- material part, a set of machinery, equipment, tools used in parachute jumps.
Jellyfish- slang. pilot chute.
Jellyfish tough — jellyfish with spring frame. It is used on reserve parachutes or main parachutes, put into action with the help of exhaust ring or release.
Medusa soft- textile system without frame and spring. Performs a function pilot chute. Attached to the top of the main parachute with Bridles. There is a collapsible variety.
Medusa soft collapsible — pilot chute, after performing its function, contracting along the axis to reduce resistance. Applies to speed domes.
Bag- slang. dome.
Meat- specially prepared skydiver(less often pioneer) of medium size, jumping from neutral dome and intended to clarify drop points. Leaves LA after zeroing.
ground training- training the physical abilities and skills of a skydiver on the ground, studying theoretical issues and compiling jump plan.
Filling the parachute- filling domes parachute by a stream of air and its adoption of a form normal for parachuting.
neutral dome — dome, which does not have its own horizontal velocity.
Cover not coming out / dome not coming out of the camera- a failure in which the cover for some reason does not come off domes and won't let it fill up.
Leg loops- very important part suspension system. Adjusting the length of the leg loops, as well as their position on the skydiver's body by the time branches requires special attention.
Line break- a parachute malfunction requiring repair or write-off.
break sling- a special device used to streamline the opening process during forced contraction of the cover(cm. forced disclosure).
Special cases- the name of the most entertaining section of a boring briefing.
Branch- leaving aircraft as directed issuing.
compartment for motor- correct department from the aircraft facing the motor, i.e. forward.
Refusal — a special case in which the parachute system does not work properly.
Failure complete — refusal, at which dome parachute is in a case or camera.
Partial failure — refusal, at which dome parachute is completely or partially out of the bag or cameras and reduces the rate of descent of the parachutist.
Open- open the main parachute arbitrarily.
go-ahead- a characteristic wave of the hands, indicating the end of work or warning others about the upcoming opening of the parachute by the paratrooper performing the go-ahead.
Uncoupling— 1. disconnection suspension system with a parachutist loose ends main parachute. 2. Not always necessary, but more than sufficient condition for application spare wheels.
Alarmist- a person from the TZK at the KDP, informing the RP at the UPC about the emergency. also in formations the one who watches the height for everyone.
Parachute- (French parachute, from Greek para - against and French chute - fall) a device for braking an object due to atmospheric resistance. They are used for safe descent from a height of people, cargo, spacecraft, reducing the mileage when landing an aircraft, etc. Consists of domes, sling and stacking container ( knapsack).
Retractable parachute- a small parachute designed to pull (hence the name) a parachute with a cover (if any), unclip and exit rubber honeycomb (gazyrey) sling and tightening the cover. Provides parachute opening. Syn. jellyfish.
Parachute stabilizing- a small parachute designed to prevent an object from falling (usually beginner skydiver). Opens immediately after branches. Fixes beginner skydiver in a vertical position and slows down its rotation, that is, it stabilizes (hence the name). It also performs the function exhaust parachute. Not to be confused with exhaust parachute.
Parachuting- the process of descending a parachutist from the moment of full disclosure of the main (reserve) canopy until the moment landing.
skydiver- a living being that jumps with a parachute.
Parachute semi-automatic- cm. safety device.
Parachuting- a type of aviation sport, skydiving on landing accuracy, protracted, with execution complex acrobatic figures, combined, etc. In the parachute commission, founded in 1950 at the FAI, about 60 countries (1982), the USSR - since 1950; world champions - since 1951.
Pervoznik- a person who makes (or plans to make) the first parachute jump in his life.
rifts— 1. devices on loose ends parachute D-6, allowing him to cease to be neutral. 2. Actions performed by a skydiver landing with increased horizontal speed. At the same time, it takes on a rounded shape and rolls along the ground, squealing happily and trying to stop.
Carrying bag- a device for easy movement in the direction laying used parachute. Made, as a rule, from an advisor.
Re-laying— dissolution of the parachute and repeated styling. associated with completion re-laying period or with the identification of errors made during laying.
overlap — refusal parachute, most often associated with poor quality of swiping domes. One or more sling(or Bridle) capture part domes and interfere with its normal operation.
jump plan- the algorithm of actions of the parachutist during branches, free fall, parachuting, landing. Detailed in the right places depending on the training of the skydiver and what type parachuting and he's doing it. Compiled on the ground after analyzing the weather conditions and circumstances of the jump (aircraft type, compartment height, with whom, who else can be in the air, etc.)
Planning— 1. drafting jump plan. Part ground training. 2. Translational movement of the object down and forward, caused by the deflection of a part of the oncoming flow by the inclined surface of the object.
Weather- a condition for the presence (absence) of a good mood.
suspension system- product from power tapes and buckles connected in a special way. Designed to hold securely skydiver.
Landing- end of process parachuting(or free fall) by collision with the surface of the planet or solid objects located on it (excl.: landing on water. See special cases).
Forced check of the knapsack halyard branches checks knapsack main parachute, releasing the spring pilot chute. Further, the opening process proceeds as with manual opening of the parachute.
Forced disclosure- cm. forced tightening of the cover.
Forced shrinking of the cover- a method of opening a parachute, in which halyard, fastened to the cable in LA, after branches check first knapsack, then pulls out the cover ( camera) With dome And slings, then slings come out of honeycomb, are stretched to their full length, halyard pulls off the cover ( camera) With domes, dome filled with fresh air and the opening process is completed.
Zeroing- a specially trained, absolutely cold-blooded professional skydiver of small size, whose only duty is to provide assistance issuing in definition drop points. Always jumps first. It separates from the hand. Requires assistance in returning from the landing site, as it is unable to move independently on a hard surface. see also meat.
Progressive twist- view failure. twist, accompanied by rotation of the canopy-parachutist system and further twisting sling parachute type wing. Requires cuts.
long jump- jump from delay disclosure knapsack parachute. Accompanied free fall.
run-up- deletion skydivers to a safe distance after class group acrobatics to ensure the safe deployment of parachutes.
Laying frame- U-shaped object made of 8 mm rod, designed to stiffen the parachute cover during packing sling in rubber honeycomb.
knapsack- a fabric container designed for laying the main, spare and pilot chute, free ends of the suspension system, mounting safety device. It is the only part of the parachute that does not carry a load.
Opening by instrument- check knapsack and filling the parachute as a result of operation safety device.
disclosure is forced- opening a parachute by using special devices, the action of which does not depend on the will, desires and emotional state of the skydiver.
Opening manual- parachute opening by putting into action pilot chute directly by hand or with exhaust ring.
Jump calculation- calculation of the drop point and the base point when gliding (or parachuting) under the canopy, carried out to land the parachutist or zero in the right place.
Rigger- the master serving the parachute systems.
redhead- slang. check cord. Rigid sling used to prevent reserve parachute deployment safety device in case of normal operation of the main parachute.
cypress– electronic pyrotechnic safety device on batteries. Opens the reserve parachute with a firecracker. Syn. cyprus, snickers.
somersault- element complex figures of individual acrobatics - a 360° turn in the vertical plane.
An-2 aircraft- variety aircraft. Not to be confused with Mi-8 helicopter.
Free fall- special emotional state skydiver.
free end- an element of the suspension system in the form of a short nylon tape connecting slings with hanging system. Various control devices can be attached to ~ dome. Do not confuse!
swoop- cm. Canopy piloting
Power Tape- high-strength nylon tape (some argue that it is made of tear-resistant fabric). Used to reinforce the structure domes, knapsack etc.
Skyball(from the English sky - "sky" and ball - "ball") - a ball for classes freefly. To prevent rotation, a stabilizing tape is attached to the skyball. The skyball can be used as a "base" and to play sifaka in the sky.
skysurf(from the English sky - "sky" and surf - "surf") - a board for skysurfing.
skysurfing- discipline parachuting, wherein skydiver performs acrobatic figures, being attached with both legs to skysurfer. Not currently practiced.
speed dome- a dome having an increased vertical (more than 6 m/s) or horizontal (more than 10 m/s) speed when filled.
Slider — corrugation device by parachute type wing in the form of a rectangle with rings at the corners.
honeycomb- rubber loop sewn to the textile body, designed for laying a bundle in it sling. see also gazyr.
Spiral- element complex figures of individual acrobatics - a 360° turn in the horizontal plane.
Athlete skydiver — skydiver, performing jumps according to a sports program, setting as its goal the achievement of high sports results, participation in regional and world competitions, setting records.
Parachute opening method- a set of actions taken by the skydiver and the objects surrounding him to put the parachute into action. That. there are an infinite number of ways to open, and sometimes even sitting in the aircraft, the skydiver still does not know exactly how this will happen, and if he does, he may be mistaken. Despite the large number, ~ are divided into main groups: forced tightening of the cover, forced check of the knapsack, manual opening. One more large group (informal) can be added here - device opening.
Relay time- the period of time during which the parachute can be in the packed state. After the expiration of this time, the parachute is considered unsuitable for jumping and requires repacking.
Stabilization- state beginner skydiver falling with deployed stabilizing parachute.
target A vertical plane in space passing through the target and parallel to the direction of the wind.
Leading strip- projection of the CVC on the surface of the landing area.
Safety device- a semi-automatic device designed to open knapsack parachute or activation of other devices after a given period of time or at a given height.
Strand- high-strength rope tying pilot chute With dome And camera(if there is).
sling- rope connecting dome parachute with loose ends suspension system.
Tandem- 1. a kind of parachute jumps, in which the passenger and the instructor jump with one parachute for two. 2. Parachute type system wing big size with suspension system, designed for skydiver(tandem master) and a person ( beginner skydiver).
drag parachute— 1. A parachute designed to decelerate an object to a speed sufficient to deploy the main parachute, the next level drag chute, or other braking systems. 2. Just a very slow parachute in all respects (see. Oak).
Drop point the point on the ground over which department paratroopers from aircraft.
Landing Accuracy- discipline parachuting. The aim of the work on landing accuracy is the touching of the parachutist's foot on the landing site with the smallest possible deviation from the given target with a diameter of 3 cm.
Traverse- a plane in space passing through the target and perpendicular to alignment.
Tracking (track)- planning a skydiver in free fall, without wingsuit.
Trexsuit- younger brother wingsuit- a special costume that improves quality tracks.
Bridle- a power element in the form of a loop or sewn crosswise power tapes designed to connect the pole part domes main parachute, cameras and a cover with other parts of the parachute system.
Laying- a process consisting of a large number of successive actions aimed at turning an open parachute into a packed one and ready for dissolution. It is produced according to a strict algorithm by a stacker.
Laying- room for styling parachutes.
stacker- a person specially trained for styling parachutes for beginner skydivers, or others paratroopers not trained for it.
Corrugation device- a constructive device designed to reduce dynamic loads in the process of opening a parachute ( honeycomb, gazyri, cameras, covers, sliders, corrugated tapes, etc.)
Fal- is the same rope, but scientifically and in the sense of the subject. Those who are even more advanced call rope Static Line, which is the same, but in a bourgeois way.
Formation- a flock (often a record) of paratroopers in free fall or under domes.
freefly(from English free - "free (th)" and fly - "fly") - direction parachuting, in which skydivers perform free fall in any way except for the classic “belly-fly” position.
Flexible hoses- flexible hoses. You will not confuse with anything.
Hairpin- a metal rod, usually used for checks valves knapsack. Inserted into a metal cone or soft loop.
Hairpin flexible- a hairpin twisted from wire, used as a blocking device in PPK-U.
Electronil- an electrical device used to accurately determine the results of work on landing accuracy.
The most common abbreviations in parachute terminology
APA– airfield power vehicle
BP- erratic fall
VLK— medical flight commission
WFP- runway strip
fuel and lubricants– fuels and lubricants
D- landing
KVK– cone of dome possibilities
KDP- control room
KZU- ring lock
LA- aircraft
LTP- therapeutic jump
ISS- multi-dome system
OP- main parachute
USC- uncoupling of free ends
OSCD- OSK with revision
PV- diver's parachute
RAP- parachute training
PDS- parachute service
PZ- reserve parachute
PLP- glider parachute
BY- planning shell
PPK-U- semi-automatic parachute combined unified (see. safety device)
PSN- special purpose parachute
PTL— parachute training pilot
PS- parachute service
RP- flight director, jump leader
RPP- parachute training guide
UPC- fixed command post
TZK- anti-aircraft commander's tube
TNK- trajectory of the neutral dome
UT- training
FAI– International Aviation Federation
state of emergency- emergency
ball screw- ball pilot chute
GPS- jeepieska (global positioning system)
For example, one of the oldest forms of skydiving is precision landing. As you might guess, the whole point of this sport is to land as close to a given point as possible. At the same time, everything is also quite difficult - the parachutist needs to “hit the target”, the dimensions of which usually do not exceed three centimeters.
One of the most popular types of skydiving is freestyle. Most often, it is combined with landing for accuracy, and the essence of this event is that the athlete, during the fall, performs as many as possible, and with the highest quality possible, a variety of gymnastic figures. Often this is done by several athletes.
Dome acrobatics is also a kind of parachuting and is probably known to many fans of this action. The bottom line is that several athletes during a free fall must perform and literally build a kind of dome. The difficulty lies in the fact that this is no longer done in free fall, but with an open parachute, which in case of failure can be fatal.
Group acrobatics is a type of freestyle. In this case, everything is carried out by a group of paratroopers, and they must perform peculiar “figures” in the fall. Naturally, the difficulty lies in coordinating your own actions with your comrades. This kind of parachuting, for sure, was seen by many at various performances and is more or less familiar with it. Competitions are held as follows: a certain group of skydivers is selected, usually consisting of two, four, eight or sixteen athletes, who must complete the maximum number of rebuildings and maneuvers in the allotted time.
BASE-jumping is one of the most popular types of parachuting today, which consists in the fact that the athlete does not jump from a helicopter or plane, but from a fixed structure. As a rule, this is done from rocks, tall buildings, cranes, etc.