An open bite is such a ratio of the front teeth, when, with closed teeth, some of them do not close. In some cases, only the frontal teeth do not close, and in others (very rare cases) only one, two last molars close.
With an open bite, the deformity is most often localized in the frontal part of the upper jaw, and with more severe forms of an open bite, the lower jaw is also involved in suffering.
Reasons for the development of open bite (etiological moment):
- heredity;
- mother's illness during pregnancy;
- atypical position of the rudiments of teeth;
- diseases of early childhood (especially rickets), in the presence of which an additional load on the alveolar processes leads to their atrophy and to a turn of the angle of the lower jaw;
- dysfunction of the endocrine glands;
- violation of mineral metabolism;
- bad habits in a baby (sucking fingers, tongue, biting nails, pencils);
- nasal breathing;
- incorrect position of the child during sleep (head thrown back);
- injury;
- clefts of the alveolar process and palate.
With an open bite, speech and chewing functions are sharply disturbed. There is an open bite in the milk bite, at the beginning of the change of teeth (7-8 years), and at an older age. Traumatic open bite is more common in primary dentition, as the habit of sucking is more developed in young children. After the cause is removed, the deformity usually corrects itself. In some cases, the bad habit continues until the period of permanent bite - then the changes caused by it become more persistent. An open bite can be in the form of an independent form or in the form of prognathia or progenia.
The face of patients with an open bite is elongated, has a tense expression due to constant attempts to "pull the lips". The height of the lower third of the face is often increased. There is a shortening of the branches of the lower jaw: the angle can be deployed and, in severe forms, reaches 135-145°. The chin is quite powerful, but lowered down and seems to be slanted (pulled back). The upper lip is most often shortened, flaccid; the lower lip is somewhat tense. The lips do not close at all and the mouth is ajar or closes with tension. When the mouth is open, from under the upper lip, the cutting edges of the front teeth and the tongue are visible, which closes the gap between the upper and lower front teeth. The chin and nasolabial furrows are usually smoothed. The degree of violation of the appearance mainly depends on the severity of the anomaly.
Open bite treatment.
During milk bite they mainly use preventive measures - they identify and eliminate the existing cause of anomalies (rickets, a bad habit), recommend the child food of a dense consistency, myogymnastics for the circular muscle of the mouth, a chin sling with a vertically directed rubber traction. Particularly important during this period is the early, timely treatment and preservation of milk teeth, in the absence of lateral teeth, prosthetics are indicated. An important role is also played by the normalization of speech, nasal breathing, the function of the tongue (moving its frenulum) and swallowing (correct artificial feeding). To normalize the function of the tongue for children, it is recommended to swallow liquid or saliva with closed dentition. The tip of the tongue at this time should be pressed against the transverse folds of the hard palate.
With milk and early mixed dentition orthodontic treatment most often combined with preventive measures. For treatment, expanding plates with screws, springs, vestibular arches for the upper jaw (with its narrowing) are used, sometimes in combination with an emphasis for the tongue in the anterior region. The action of these devices is designed to change the tone of the masticatory muscles and the restructuring of the bone tissue of the alveolar processes in the lateral areas, as well as to normalize the function of the tongue, especially during swallowing. It is advisable to combine such devices with an extraoral bandage and a chin sling, with a vertical rubber rod.
In permanent occlusion, the most effective treatment will be the use of fixed equipment, that is, braces. If an open bite is observed with prognathia or progeny, its treatment is carried out simultaneously with the treatment of the underlying anomaly. With a pronounced open bite in adults, orthodontic treatment is effective after prior surgical intervention in the anterior or lateral parts of the jaw. Previously, the treatment of open bite was approached extremely radically, entire groups of teeth were removed, followed by resection of the alveolar process. Then the resulting defect was replaced with removable prostheses. Often there were cases of sawing of the tubercles of the teeth and even half of the tooth with preliminary devitalization of the nerve. Fortunately, such "draconian" methods of treatment in most cases are not used in our time. At the Dental Smile Center the issue of removing teeth, especially permanent ones, is approached with extreme caution. Moreover, the serial extraction of teeth should be based on a comprehensive analysis that would allow predicting the growth of the lower jaw.
30-03-2008, 03:00
Neurologist, pediatrician, ophthalmologist...:112:
We were examined at the ENT - everything is fine with us, the nasal passages are not narrowed, there are no adenoids,
the nose is clean, the mucosa is not swollen, everything is perfect ...: 005:
The dentist looked at us - the bite is normal, but when closing the mouth, closed teeth,
lips don't close...:016:
What is the problem is not clear ...: 008:
It goes sideways to us - on the street forever with an open mouth - frequent colds, therefore,
while eating, it is inconvenient for the child to close his mouth, he chews like a hamster, and his lips are a tube,
if he doesn’t close his lips, some of the food pops out back ... I used to think that he just eats so carelessly.
Somehow recently I began to pay attention to this, before that my son had a lot of health problems - there were no lips ... :))
When I reprimand him 100 times (especially on the street in the cold), "shut your mouth", he closes his mouth, but it is clear that he has this unnatural state, his facial expression is tense and stupid, and does not last long.
He is already tired of my remarks, he himself just closes his mouth with a scarf or helmet from below.
TO A SPEECH THERAPIST maybe?: 008:
Alena Zhukova
30-03-2008, 03:06
Go to the orthodontist, perhaps cutting the frenulum under the upper and lower lips will improve the situation. We go to Dentideal from MAPO, www.dentideal.ru
30-03-2008, 03:47
I had a case on this subject - I go outside with my boys (they were about two years old then, it was a terribly cold winter). At the entrance are two neighbors (one of them is an ENT doctor). And suddenly I hear behind her back "She has adenoid children, modern mothers do not look after their children at all: wife:".
I pretended not to hear anything. But the second person (the one who is not an ENT) meets us a few days later and reports - an ENT doctor saw you on the street and said that you have terrible adenoids, well, further like where your mother is looking, etc. This hurt me very much, since my boys are hardened, their noses are always clean. Well, I suffered about the open mouths of the doctors. So, twins very often have weakness of the facial muscles (a neuropathologist also told me this, and of course, a normal ENT confirmed it). And our mouth was open just like that. Now we are 3, in my opinion it has become better. We have now been assigned a light matrix on the face (this is for speech), with the help of its muscles either relax or tone. So my advice is to a speech therapist and a neurologist. And there is nothing terrible in this, you can still do a facial massage.
30-03-2008, 10:59
The dentist looked at us - the bite is normal, but when the mouth is closed, the teeth are closed, the lips do not close ...: 016:
Our lips are not thin, our mouth is not small.
In theory, the dentist should have seen if it was the bridles.
But I would still start with an orthodontist.
And in general, maybe such a structure of the face? I correctly understood that the lips do not physically close with closed teeth without additional tension?
In any case, a competent orthodontist can recommend who to contact next.
30-03-2008, 11:28
The dentist looked at us more than a year ago, then we didn’t care about this problem (we didn’t notice it), they checked our teeth.
The neurologist looked at us the other day, so she asked what was the matter, advised the ENT to visit.
ENT did not find any problems.
Well, let's go to the orthodontist ...: 008:
30-03-2008, 11:53
I didn’t understand, if the child wants, then consciously he can close his lips?
My son's mouth is also ajar all the time - and this is precisely the weakness of the facial muscles. We do gymnastics, and then I accidentally found out - we went with the eldest to the orthodontist, and the nurse looked at us there and says - her mouth is also open all the time (although this is not so pronounced with her daughter), she told us to buy wooden spatulas or a ruler and train our lips . The teeth are closed, and with the lips (not the teeth) it is necessary to hold the spatula at the beginning across, and then along (i.e. it is full length forward - it’s already harder). And she also said, periodically put glasses of water in front of the child - take water in your mouth and hold it for as long as possible, then spit it out.
31-03-2008, 16:35
My Plato's mouth is constantly open, it can be seen in all the photos. :)
Previously, somehow I did not pay attention, but lately all doctors have paid my attention to this ...: ded:
In general, advise, to whom to go = something with a problem?: 091:
TO A SPEECH THERAPIST maybe?: 008:
Here's the problem we're having... :(
And how are you doing with facial muscles and in general with the tone of facial muscles? If this is the problem, then craniosacral techniques and speech therapy massages could help.
31-03-2008, 23:03
And how are you doing with facial muscles and in general with the tone of facial muscles? If this is the problem, then craniosacral techniques and speech therapy massages could help.
I don’t even know how we are doing with this ...: 005: And how to evaluate this?: 016:
In the last couple of months, I began to notice that when my son is nervous, he does something strange
lips, like a spasm, some corners of his lips diverge and go down, my jaw tenses, and my face unnaturally warps ...: ((as in a smiley, only with an open mouth ....)
What could it possibly be...
He does this when something angers him, surprises him, or if I make a remark to him in a loud voice ...: 005: I'm already afraid to raise my voice ...: 001:
31-03-2008, 23:20
I don't even know how we're doing with it...:005: And how to evaluate it?
She told the neurologist about this, but she did not see any visible problems with us, she even found noticeable improvements - phenibut prescribed to drink for 1.5 months.
In general, I understood one thing - we must first see an orthodontist, apparently, and then a speech therapist ... Right?: 008:
Of course, I'm not a doctor. But the orthodontist is not quite the direction. You have obvious neurological problems. You do not want to consult, perhaps for a fee, but with some good neurologist. You can find reviews about them on the forum. If you have hyperkinesis - this is one thing, if there are other violations, then the recommendations will be different. A speech therapist could help in case of spasm of mimic muscles or myotonus. From my own experience I can say that you cannot trust the opinion of only one doctor. If in doubt, seek help.
01-04-2008, 12:34
From the description it is very difficult to understand what your child looks like. The fact that a competent specialist should look at it is for sure, but in what area? You, as a mother, see for yourself what prevents the lips from closing - the structure of the face, the length of the upper lip, tension / spasm of the facial muscles? Is the child's mouth closed at night in a dream? In a dream, you can connect his lips - are they long enough for free closing? Neurotic grimaces are one thing, physically non-closing lips are another. You should probably start with a competent and attentive pediatrician. You are not observed in IRAV? It would be possible to appear Klochkova (she is a neurologist) and there is a speech therapist.
Jack Schafer, a former FBI special agent, professor of psychology, consultant in behavioral analysis, in his book "Turn on the charm according to the methods of the special services" says that the interlocutor's lips can tell a lot to an attentive observer.
fake smile
Both psychologists and just observant people have long known that smiles can be genuine and fake. Characteristic signs of a sincere smile: raised corners of the mouth and the appearance of wrinkles around the eyes. A made smile usually comes out crooked and not synchronous. If a person smiles sincerely, his cheeks rise, and wrinkles appear under the eyes and at the outer corners of the eyes. With a fake smile, the corners of the mouth do not rise and there are no wrinkles around the eyes.
Sincerely people smile when their desire to communicate is genuine. If you notice a fake smile, this is a signal that something is going wrong. An artificial smile or its absence means that the person is not interested in getting to know you or continuing the conversation.
Pursed lips
A person automatically purses his lips or folds them in a bow if he is not satisfied with something. This facial signal can be interpreted as disagreement or protest. Still pursed lips indicate that the other person said something that contradicts his own thoughts. Knowing this gives you a huge advantage. By noticing that the person is pursing their lips before you have finished speaking, you have a chance to get them to change their mind before they have a chance to express their opinion out loud. Because if a person says something out loud, then he prefers to be consistent and stick to what was said.
For example, imagine that a husband says to his wife: "Honey, I'm going to prove to myself now that we can afford a new car." And then you notice how your wife purses her lips. You understand that she doubts and is ready to vigorously object to you. You just need to immediately bring new arguments, while she did not have time to express her opinion aloud. Otherwise, it will be almost impossible to convince her to agree to the purchase. This technique can be perfectly used in a conversation with husbands.
pursed lips
If the interlocutor's upper and lower lips are tightly closed, it means that he wants to say something, but restrains himself. Suspects often purse their lips before confessing to a crime. They want to confess, but involuntarily tighten their lips so as not to give themselves away.
lip biting
Biting the upper or lower lip is another eloquent facial movement. At this moment, the interlocutor wants to say something, but for some reason he does not dare to do it. That's what the old saying "bite your lip" means - to refrain from speaking your mind.
During a conversation, try to notice this non-verbal signal. This is a good sign to encourage the person to speak up. Say something like, “You seem to have an opinion on this. Don't share?" Many will be surprised by your ability to read their minds and your attentiveness, and will be glad that you show genuine interest.
A touch on the lips
Touching the lips means that a person is confused by the topic of conversation. Touching the lips diverts attention from the subject under discussion and reduces anxiety. If the person touches their lips with their fingers or a pencil to test the waters, you can refine your guess by saying, "I think you're embarrassed to talk about this." Thus, you give the person the opportunity to confirm or refute the statement and explain their reaction. And your interlocutor will be pleasantly surprised by your ability to notice such minute details.
Touching the lips can be used effectively in both business and personal communication. For example, if you are alone with a potential client discussing the merits of the proposed product, notice that he thoughtfully strokes his lips with his fingers. When you notice this gesture, say something like: “You must be confused because you have never used such a thing before.” Your words will encourage the customer to express concern about the quality of the product or service. By understanding what is bothering him, you can adjust the offer in order to successfully sell your product.
Based on the materials of the book "Turn on charm according to the methods of special services"
Hello dear readers and subscribers of the blog!
Today I will tell you what lip exercises are for children and what role they play in improving diction. You must have noticed how difficult it is sometimes to understand a person. When he speaks, almost without opening his mouth, or the line of his lips (G) is slightly beveled, one corner of the mouth is higher than the other. This may be either a symptom of some neurological pathology or malocclusion.
With this, you need to contact the appropriate specialists, a neurologist or an orthodontist. We will talk about how to make sure that this does not prevent us from speaking clearly and understandably. Let's start with the fact that articulation exercises for G are closely related to gymnastics for the cheeks, with various breathing exercises. And also with a massage of the muscles of the mouth and adjacent areas. If the muscles of the upper and lower G have a broken tone and they do not close well, then it is difficult for the child to even blow off a piece of cotton wool from the palm of his hand.
That is, the air stream does not participate in the formation of sounds, speech is very poor and often spontaneous. The tension of G leads to the tension of the remaining muscles: the tongue and cheeks. Therefore, when examining a child, a speech therapist attaches great importance to the baby's skills in controlling the air stream. The baby is asked to blow in at least 3 ways:
- blow through closed lips, sound like “pfff”
- fold your lips with a tube “fff”, blow like a dandelion
- with your mouth open, as if you want to warm your hands “xxxx”
At the same time, we observe whether the Gs close, whether they fold into a tube, whether the cheeks puff up. Very often, children cannot blow at all, this happens with malocclusion, when the Gs do not close, with dysarthria, the air spreads into the cheeks and they puff up, a very weak exhalation with adenoids. If there are no back language sounds, G-K-X, then the sound will not be “xxx”, but something like “shh”.
It happens that the child can somehow blow. But at the same time, the air stream is so unfocused that it is impossible to blow a soap bubble or make “whoa”. And besides, it turns out not a “tube” with the tongue, but something that looks like a piglet's snout. When the baby tries to smile, a curvature of the mouth line is observed, one corner is higher, the other is lower. If you take a closer look at the nasolabial folds, you can see their smoothing and asymmetry.
Types of articulation gymnastics
All of these are signs of neurological abnormalities. Neurology can be quite easy, the baby is not registered in the clinic, but it can interfere with the formation of a full-fledged speech. Articulatory gymnastics will help fix this, it should be done regularly, combined with breathing, voice and speech therapy massage. Gymnastics is active and passive, static and dynamic. Consider all these types, in combination with breathing and massaging.
With passive gymnastics, the child himself cannot complete the task, an adult helps him. He takes his G with his fingers, stretches them or, conversely, collects them into a tube, closes them and performs other necessary actions, gradually accustoming the child to do it himself. In this case, there should be reliance on the visual analyzer in order to control the process, it is desirable to do everything next to the mirror.
Combination and sequence of different types
The sequence is as follows: an adult and a baby sit in front of a mirror, an adult points to himself, asks to repeat if the child fails, the adult does it with his fingers, then the child tries to do it himself, and then tries to do it without the help of hands. This is already active gymnastics, maybe not immediately, periodically helping with your fingers. The main thing is not to rush, the accuracy and correctness of execution should be, so that later you do not have to retrain.
Passive gymnastics is closely related to massage, or rather, massage smoothly flows into passive gymnastics. You must clearly know that all exercises must be performed after relaxing G. You can not do it on tightly closed, tense. And there will be little sense and the child will experience discomfort and negativity, may even refuse to study.
To begin with, it is advisable to teach the baby to feel the difference between tense and relaxed lips, to tell him: “You feel how pleasant and good it is for you when the lips are soft, how beautiful they are.” Fix his attention that when G is tense, they are thin, pale, and relaxed - bright, "bow". When staging sounds, it is very important that neither the jaw nor the lips tense up. The mouth was wide open, otherwise it is very difficult to work on the correction of phonetics.
With static gymnastics, the Gs linger in one position for some time, for example, counting to 10. The “tube” exercise is being performed, the children are holding, and you are counting. And so several times, then the “fence” and again hold in this position. With dynamic gymnastics, on the contrary, active work of G takes place, “fence - tube”, you need to work G, then stretching them and showing teeth, then pulling them forward into a tube, also at the expense of several steps.
Move on to dynamic gymnastics when each exercise has already been worked out, automated and the child does it flawlessly. It is allowed to help with your hands, if a failure suddenly occurs, you can combine it with voice gymnastics, pronounce it with a tube U, and with a fence And at a different pace, then quickly, slowly, then quieter, then louder, then in a thin voice, then “thick”.
Static exercises of articulation gymnastics
- lips, also called “trunk” or “elephant”, lips are pulled forward, as when pronouncing the sound U
- , open smile, show teeth, as when pronouncing the sound And
- smile, closed, with only lips
- open, also called “window”, open your mouth wide - “open the window in the house”
- the house is closed - lips together, tightly pressed
- lock, cover the lower lip with the upper lip, which is slightly tightened into the mouth
- key, conversely, lower upper
- whoa, close your lips, slightly stretch forward and make a vibrating sound
- show upper teeth, raise upper lip and show upper teeth
- show lower teeth, lower upper lip, pull lower lower
- piglet, stretch lips forward, slightly expand them
- mouthpiece, also called “window” or “donut”, lips as when pronouncing O
Dynamic gymnastics for children
- fence - pipe (frog - elephant)
- open and close your mouth, slap your lips, making a soft sound
- "Air kiss", stretch the lips forward (as for a kiss) - then draw in the cheeks so that the corners of the mouth touch, like a fish
- bite the upper lip, then the lower, “comb the lips”
- smile - tube
- the house is open - closed, close your lips, straining them, open your mouth wide, relaxing
show the upper lips, then the lower, then all at once, a fence - make faces - move the jaw left and right
- piglet - tube
- window - the house is open - a tube - a fence - O - A - U - I
- charging for the trunk, twist the tube clockwise and counterclockwise, up and down, left and right. Look at the elephant, how he moves his trunk.
Gymnastics in a playful way
With these exercises, games for the development of breathing go well. The kid does not want to study, let's play. G doesn’t want to close, so we blow off the cotton wool from the palm, show him how fun it is to make “pffff”, as if a butterfly fluttered from the palm. It is necessary to raise the lower G up - put the cotton wool on the nose and blow from the lower lip. A horse jumps, we click our tongue and now it stops, “prrrr”, it doesn’t work, we play on the lips like a balalaika.
The game with soap bubbles is going well. It is very fun to watch them fly, shimmer with iridescent stains. “Now blow it yourself!” - tell the baby. It may not work right away, it's okay, cheer up the child. Blow with him in turn, he then catches them with his hands, then blows. You can also move your hand around the ring and the bubbles also scatter to the sides.
Also, toys such as a harmonica, a pipe, a whistle, various pipes and whistles will help. as well as blowing up balloons. Of course, more complex skills are already required here, well-developed G muscles, the ability to hold the toy with your lips and at the same time take in air and exhale without letting the object out of your mouth. Therefore, it's okay if at first the pipe falls out with the exhalation, and the air is drawn in from the ball, this will work out over time.
Sweet gymnastics
You can also use "simulators", various sweet sticks, worms and sucking sweets. Children can hold them between G, inside the “tube”. And also press the “proboscis” to the nose, holding the sticks like a mustache. Spitting pieces of cookies and chocolate between the lips or taking them from the saucer with the lips, “feeding like chicks”.
Dental bite is such a condition of the teeth in a person’s mouth, when, when the upper and lower rows of teeth are closed, the lower jaw remains motionless, i.e. teeth become like in grooves. As the observations of dentists around the world show, the correct bite is extremely rare. Most often, this is the merit of orthodontists, and not a gift from mother nature.
In the office of any dentist, you can see a photo that shows the perfect smile and the correct bite of the teeth. But the eyes can deceive, so each person can independently determine how his dental bite corresponds to healthy parameters.
To do this, you need to close your teeth and check the following parameters:
- The incisors (front four teeth) of the upper jaw overlap the incisors from below, while this overlap does not exceed a third of the size of the lower teeth.
- The lower triples (canines) are overlapped by the upper ones quite a bit.
- Between the teeth of one row there are no gaps and cavities (with the exception of fallen or extracted teeth).
If all these conditions are met, the bite of the teeth is correct.
IMPORTANT! Dentists have another parameter, which in medical language is called "occlusion". Confirmation of the correct position of the teeth is the harmonious arrangement of the teeth at the time of chewing food.
Based on these data, experts share the correct and incorrect bite. In medical terms, the correct bite is considered physiological, and the wrong bite is considered abnormal, i.e. does not meet natural standards. People with the physiological position of the teeth are less likely to suffer not only from dental ailments, but also from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, because it is easier for them to chew food thoroughly.
How important is physiological bite
In addition to the health of the digestive system, the correct bite has many other meanings. If nature intended just such a position of the jaw, then it corresponded to the needs of man and helped him survive in the process of evolution. Therefore, the correct position of the teeth in a person is important from many points of view.
So, the aesthetic component of this feature is important. If a person has an incorrect bite, this affects his appearance: facial features change, his lower part becomes “heavy”, protruding, etc. If a person is vulnerable, he may develop various complexes, and sometimes even severe mental disorders.
Such patients are embarrassed to communicate and smile, avoid personal contacts, limiting themselves to telephone and e-mail correspondence, and often withdraw into themselves. If the mental state of such a person is unstable, malocclusion can lead to severe depression and a nervous breakdown.
If the teeth do not close correctly when chewing food (the patient has occlusion), the food is not ground to the desired consistency. This, in turn, makes it difficult to digest it in the stomach and intestines, causing gastritis, ulcers, constipation, etc.
IMPORTANT! Correct bite is very important for the prevention of such diseases, because. chewing is the first stage of digestion, on the quality of which the correctness of all the others depends.
If the patient's bite is correct, when chewing solid food, the load on all teeth remains uniform. With an abnormal position of the teeth, some are more involved in this process, which leads to their premature wear and loss. Therefore, if a person cannot determine for himself what kind of bite he has, but his teeth are loose and fall out, and problems with digestion bother him too often, it is necessary to check the bite with an orthodontist. The doctor will quickly determine the position of a person's teeth by the presence of certain signs.
Manifestations of abnormal bite
You can look at photos for a long time, which show the correct bite, but still not understand if there are deviations from the standard in your own smile. A simple comparison is not enough, you need to know certain signs by which doctors recognize the perfect bite.
Take a mirror in your hands, close your teeth and turn on your imagination. It is necessary to draw a conditional imaginary line between the upper and lower row of teeth. Did the upper incisors overlap the lower incisors so that a third of the crown is covered? This is a sign of correct bite. It is important that the imaginary vertical line dividing both rows of teeth into the right and left sides also coincide.
Now you can take something to chew on. If, while chewing solid food (apple, carrot, etc.), its particles easily ply between the front and rear teeth, and contact with food is not lost, this is another positive sign.
It is also important how the teeth are hidden behind the lips. When the mouth is closed, the teeth should not be visible to others. The shape of the lips can be different, but usually the correct bite is distinguished by the semi-oval position of the upper lip. At the same time, the lower lip is slightly smaller in size, although it has the same shape. If the bite is physiological, in a relaxed state with closed lips, the following position of the jaws can be noted: the upper one leans slightly forward and down towards the mouth opening, and the lower one, on the contrary, sinks into the oral cavity, tending upward.
An experienced orthodontist will be able to determine by 95% the correct bite of the patient even before he opens his mouth. An important sign of an ideal bite is symmetry in facial features. If the patient's jaws are correctly closed, then the right and left sides of the face will be almost symmetrical (ideal, complete symmetry is found only in geometry). In the case of an abnormal bite, the presence of a slight, and in severe cases, a pronounced asymmetry, will catch the eye of a specialist.
The following indirect manifestations of malocclusion are distinguished:
- speech disorder;
- chewing discomfort;
- pain in the head.
Incorrect bite also changes the position of the tongue in the mouth, which leads to the appearance of a lisp in the patient: a person begins to swallow the endings of words, hardly pronounces certain letters and their combinations. While eating, a click can be clearly heard, as if a gear is scrolling in the mechanism. Such a sound often gives off to the temporal region of the skull, which leads to frequent headaches and migraines.
What does proper occlusion look like?
Of great importance is the position of the teeth when eating. It is occlusion that is the decisive factor in the decision - to correct the bite, or is the position not a threat to the patient's health?
So, bite when chewing is divided into:
- opistognathic. In this position, both the upper and lower jaw tend inward, i.e. there is no inclination towards the lips. The position is considered easier when the upper row of teeth is marked by an even, vertical position, without inclination to the throat;
- biprognathic. The reverse state - both dentitions lean forward, towards the vestibule of the oral cavity. This position is clearly visible when looking at the patient from the side;
- progenic. Also quite noticeable to the naked eye, because. the lower row of teeth is pushed forward, i.e. the upper incisors do not cover the crown of the lower ones, but simply merge with them;
- straight. This is a complicated position of progenic occlusion: the lower incisors overlap the upper ones, moreover, quite strongly (sometimes up to the middle of the crown). It is considered the most difficult situation, because. there is a high probability of rapid wear of the teeth of the upper jaw as a result of an increased load on them;
- orthognathic. This is a physiological occlusion that characterizes the correct bite. If in a calm position the bite corresponds to other parameters of physiology, the owner of this occlusion can be congratulated on having a perfect smile.
There are several more varieties of incorrect occlusion. These pathologies must be eliminated by an orthodontist, because. the consequences of improper position of the teeth can be critical for the health of the whole organism. Only a specialist can determine the anomaly and establish its type, who, after examination, will prescribe therapeutic therapy and determine its duration.
IMPORTANT! Occlusion is one of the few pathologies that the patient cannot solve on his own. Correcting the incorrect position of the teeth today is not difficult, no matter how difficult the situation. But this can only be done in a clinical setting.
Types of anomalies in the structure of teeth
Malocclusion does not occur suddenly. The position of the dentition changes gradually, first in childhood, when the molars replace the milk teeth, and later - when the patient loses already permanent molars and premolars.
This happens in several stages. First, the number of molars or premolars changes, which causes the teeth next to them to change shape and position. Such changes in the row lead to a change first in the dentition itself, and then in the state of the alveoli - the jaw bones. The place where the pathological change is formed, and the complexity of the resulting curvature - these are the most important parameters on which the complexity of the emerging anomaly and approaches to its elimination will depend.
IMPORTANT! The task of the dentist is not only to establish the type of pathology formed and the place of its development, but also to understand the cause in order to eliminate the provoking factor.
Abnormal bite is also divided into several types. The most common is decreasing. The name came from the teeth decreasing in size - they are erased and become lower than established by nature. The second type of anomaly is a deep bite. In this condition, such a position of the jaw is noted when the upper incisors overlap the lower ones too much - by two-thirds or more.
A condition in which the lateral molars do not close completely is called a lateral open bite, and if the front molars do not close, an anterior open bite. If the teeth cannot meet at all in their natural position, an open anomaly is diagnosed. An anomaly is called mesial if the alveolus of the lower jaw is strongly advanced forward, and medial is a similar position of the upper, the latter almost completely hiding the lower row of teeth.
The underdevelopment of the alveoli and, accordingly, the teeth of the lower jaw is called the prognathic anomaly, and the distal is called the excessive development of this part of the face.
Reasons for the development of anomalies
Any anomalies in the development of occlusion are divided into congenital, i.e. hereditary and acquired. The first type is usually diagnosed at the age of 6-8 years, when the baby has a change of teeth. But sometimes the natural bite is violated by the parents themselves, allowing the baby to suck a nipple for a long time or drink from a bottle. The habit of sucking a finger will not benefit the bite.
But most often, pathologies in the position of the teeth occur in patients with chronic diseases of the ear, throat, and nose or who are prone to them. Also, provoking factors include injuries to the face and jaw, improper prosthetics (an error in the size of the installed prostheses), loss of teeth and refusal to prosthetics.
Today, doctors also highlight the psychological factor: teeth can wear out faster if the jaws are in a compressed and stressed state for a long time. And this usually happens with prolonged stressful conditions, depression, nervous breakdown. A strong load on the jaw leads first to the loss of teeth, and then to a change in bite.
It is easy to avoid congenital malocclusion - it is enough to monitor your health, visit the dentist once a year and promptly eliminate the ailments of the oral cavity and the whole body that have arisen. If the malocclusion has already occurred, it is necessary to contact the orthodontist for treatment.