The first official hockey rules were published in 1886. This game is popular all over the world, and the famous Stanley Cup appeared as a result of the fact that Governor General Frederick Stanley, delighted with the game of hockey players, presented the national champion with a cup in the form of a pyramid of bright silver rings.
In our article we will consider the basic rules of the game of hockey.
Area
The site is 56-61 m long and 26-30 m wide. Its corners are rounded with a circle, the radius of which is about 8 m. The site is surrounded by fences made of wood or plastic (“Boards”) in white. Their height is 1.17 m. To exclude the possibility of injury to the player, the surface of the sides is made absolutely smooth. The doors through which hockey players enter the ice surface open to the outside.
Players
Before the start of the game, the coach provides the referee with a list of participants. Each team can have 2 goalkeepers and 20 players. Once the game has started, no changes are allowed. If during the game there are not enough participants (for example, due to injuries or penalties), then it is stopped.
Hockey players' equipment consists of skates, sticks, top uniforms and protective equipment. Skate blades must be safe, and sticks must be wooden, aluminum or plastic. Wearing a hockey helmet during the game is mandatory.
A game
During the game, the team must have only one goalkeeper, who can be replaced by another participant. The beginning of the game is a throw-in of the puck at the center point of the site. Teams protect the gates and also change them after the main period.
Violation - a case when physical contact with an opponent of any kind is recorded.
There are 7 types of penalty: small, small bench, large, disciplinary, disciplinary until the end of the game, free throw and match penalty. Small penalty - the player is sent off for 2 minutes without the possibility of replacement, small bench - the player is removed to the penalty box for 2 minutes. A large penalty involves the removal of a player from the field before the end of the game. If a player receives both a Minor and a Major penalty at the same time, the latter is served first.
If a competitor has received a misconduct penalty, they will be removed from the ice for 10 minutes and remain in the penalty box until the next stoppage of play occurs. A game misconduct penalty means that the player is sent off for the remainder of the game and sent to the dressing room. Match penalty - a player is sent off for the rest of the game and replaced by a substitute. The goalkeeper is not allowed to serve penalties while sitting on the penalty bench.
Penalties are imposed for various violations: for example, if one of the hockey players pushed an opponent on board using his elbow. However, a push to the board is not a situation in which the opponent, trying to slip between the boards and the attacker, moves the puck and “carries” along the boards. Violations are also hitting with the end of the stick, illegal attack, attacking the opponent from behind, cutting off (positioning the body at the level of the opponent’s knees or below, as a result of which he either falls to his knees or gets hit on the knees), pushing with the club, rudeness, fighting, headbutting , sticks held high, holding an opponent with hands or sticks, attacking a player who is not in possession of the puck (called blocking), kicking, stabbing, tripping, attacking the neck or head.
If women participate in hockey, then they must wear full face masks, through which neither the blade of the stick nor the puck can pass.
Field
The hockey field is identical to the football field. It is a rectangular ice platform with rounded corners. According to the rules of the IIHF, its dimensions are 58 - 30 meters, and according to the rules of the NHL - 60.96 x 25.9 m. Along the perimeter of the field, bumpers 120 cm high - 122 cm were erected.
Gates
The goals are firmly fixed on the ice, but at the same time they move, preventing injury to the players. Gate dimensions: 122 cm - height, 183 cm - length. A net is hung from the gate to dampen blows.
Teams
The team includes 20-25 players, but 5 outfield players and 1 goalkeeper enter the field, who can be replaced by a 6th player. The substitution of players takes place during the match or when the game is stopped. In overtime, 4 players and the goalkeeper enter the field.
Game duration
The match lasts 3 periods of 20 minutes with breaks of 15 minutes. If the match is played in a draw, overtime is assigned, that is, extra game time. If the overtime is also played in a draw, shootouts are held, that is, post-match throws. Overtime and the number of shootouts are agreed separately, but within the framework of the tournament.
Time out
In regulation or extra time, either team may take one time-out within 30 seconds. The coach appoints a player who must apply to the Referee for a time-out during the normal pause in play. The chief referee will inform the secretary of the game about this. Then the players of the two teams who are on the field drive up to their benches. Any team may take a time-out during the same stoppage. But the second team wishing to take a time-out must notify the Chief Referee before the end of the first time-out.
Violations
In hockey, except for women's hockey, it is allowed to use power wrestling. This is a contact game, a body-to-body game. Tripping, holding opponents with hands or sticks is prohibited. It is not allowed to play with a stick raised too high, hitting with elbows and hands.
However, players sometimes deliberately commit violations, considering it part of the game strategy. Having committed a minor, often imperceptible violation, the player provokes an opponent to a major violation, which is punishable by a fine. This lifts the mood of the team and lowers the morale of the opposing team.
Offside - offside position. Called when the puck and an offensive player with both skates are in the opposing team's defensive zone.
The assistant referee raises his hand and if a player of the attacking team touches the puck or it goes on target, the game is stopped. Throw-in is assigned in the middle zone. If the puck has not been touched, play continues but the offside continues until all attacking players are out of the opponents' area or the puck is out of that area. If any of the conditions are met, the assistant referee must lower his hand and the teams will continue the game.
Offside is not considered if the player with the puck drives into the zone with his back before the puck. And also, if the players of the defending team themselves throw the puck into their defense zone.
Bullitt
Bullitt - a free throw, which is a free throw or post-match. To assign a shootout, 5 conditions and 1 post-match condition are required:
- The puck was out of the injured player's defense zone.
- The offensive player is watching the puck.
- The crash happened in the back.
- The attacking player was unable to score a goal due to the infringement.
- There are no defending players between the attacking player and the goalkeeper.
- The winner is not determined after the main match and extra time.
There are other provisions for awarding a penalty besides violations during a one-on-one bout. Usually these include various intentional violations.
Overtime
Overtime means extra play time to determine the winner if the result of the match is a draw. According to the rules of hockey, it is held until the first goal. In overtime, 5 players from each team play on the field: 4 field players and 1 goalkeeper.
Hockey, like football, is a hobby for quite a lot of people around the world. But if football players can play everywhere, then hockey needs special ice rinks.
The essence of the game of hockey is that players must throw as many pucks as possible with sticks into the opponent's goal. At the same time, the rules are regularly violated, and the judge punishes the perpetrators with penalty time on the penalty box. But in some cases, the referee assigns a bullet.
What is Bullitt
Bullitt is such a free throw. When it is performed, all hockey players leave the site except for the goalkeeper and the kicker. The puck is placed in the center of the playing field. The attacking hockey player runs up, picks up the puck and rushes with it to the goal, which is protected by the goalkeeper. During the movement, the attacking player must not stop or lose the puck, otherwise the bullet will be considered completed. The goalkeeper can leave the gate towards the kicking player at any distance. And the attacker must make only one throw without finishing. After a goal is scored, a goal is scored and the referee points to the center of the court.
What is bully prescribed for?
Shootouts, like any other free throws or kicks, may be awarded during a match for rule infractions. If a player goes one on one with the goalkeeper and is fouled at the same time, this is considered a foul of last resort and a shootout is assigned for him. A similar throw can also be awarded for deliberately moving the goal at the end of the match or during overtime.
If the kicker converts the shootout, then his team gets another advantage. An opposing hockey player who violates the rules is sent to the penalty bench. But if this did not happen, then the game continues in equal compositions.
In addition to the shootouts assigned during the game, there are also post-match shots. They have to be broken in the event that the teams have tied after three periods of regular time plus additional overtime. In this case, the teams break through three shootouts. Who scored more, he won. If, after three throws, there is a draw again, then the shootouts break to the first miss.
The history of the appearance of shootouts
Bullitt first appeared in the USA. During the games of the Pacific Hockey Association in 1921, one of its founders and president, Frank Patrick, was greatly outraged by the fact that a foul of the last hope of a player was only sent off the court. That's when he came up with the idea of punching free throws. That same season saw a historic moment for all of hockey. On December 12, Tom Dunderdale became the first hockey player in history to convert this free throw. Then the bullet was included in the main rules of hockey.
How hockey players perform shootouts
There are no restrictions on the execution of bullets. Therefore, the players each time try to come up with something new when performing these throws. Some hockey players accelerate and deliver a powerful shot on goal without approaching the goalkeeper. Others, on the contrary, try to circle the goalkeeper and send the puck into an empty net.
At the same time, there are original cases of execution of penalty shootouts. For example, some hockey players, while moving towards the goal with the puck, try to put it on the end of the stick and powerfully throw it under the crossbar. Also a very interesting and popular way to implement a shootout is the so-called "spin-o-frame" technique. During it, the hockey player makes a 360-degree turn in front of the goalkeeper and killerly throws the puck into the corner of the goal.
Recognized shootout masters devote a lot of time to this in training and hone their throws. Pavel Datsyuk stands out among Russian hockey players. He acts on the court according to the situation and goalkeepers often do not know what to expect from him. Datsyuk's favorite technique when performing a shootout is a sharp change in direction towards the goal, which is accompanied by constant turns with the puck to the right and left. Also among the Russian masters of shootouts striker Nikita Gusev stands out. He clearly and confidently always implements his shots.
The longest shootout streak in hockey history includes 42 shots. It happened in the German Championship.
Learning to understand how to shoot well and develop the ability to do it correctly requires universal stick handling and excellent skating. Therefore, playing hockey should start from childhood. A child quickly grasps everything on the fly and with age can become a good hockey player. Sport helps to develop various children's abilities without affecting human health.
Hockey everyone!
Taking a break from football and tennis, the most popular sports for betting, I propose to talk a little about hockey. More specifically, hockey betting.
In hockey, as you know, there is a dilemma - to bet taking into account overtime and shootouts, or only for regular time. Perhaps no other sport has such a key difference, which makes betting on hockey a rather difficult task.
The NHL has complicated this process even more by offering a completely illogical topic with scoring. In each game of this league, 2 points are at stake for a win. Everything would be fine, only when it comes to overtime and shootouts, then 2 points for a victory are also at stake, but another 1 point for a loss magically appears after regular time. Thus, the match artificially generates not 2 points, but 3 points at once.
It's against logic and math, but that's how NHL scoring works. It turns out that in some cases it is simply beneficial for teams to hold out until overtime and add a guaranteed point to themselves, and then play another point already in an uncompromising struggle outside of normal time. I'm working on finding patterns and taking advantage of that, but that's a topic for future posts. In any case, in each match, such a possibility of a convenient result for both teams must be kept in mind.
Why then not play overtime and shootouts, since in regular time everything is so uncertain? It's simple, there are two reasons for this. The first, purely gaming, I believe that overtime, especially 3v3 and even more so shootouts, is a lottery. I don’t want to predict this too much, here luck and chance play a big role, as for me. The second reason is the coefficients. Odds, taking into account overtime, are significantly lower than quotes in regular time. And this despite the fact that overtime and shootouts do not provide an advantage and some kind of clarity, only the feeling that you are with your choice to the end and you will not be pushed out with your bet after regular time, where each team keeps in mind the possibility of overtime and scoring there, and therefore does not force the outcome in the intended 60 minutes. As for me, this is too high a price, there is no certainty in the outcome of the main time, then it is better to skip.
Also, do not forget that when playing the full outcome of the match, you can forget about playing favorites, especially home ones. Since kef. will be significantly lower and rarely exceed 1.7. This means that you need to win at least 60% of matches just to break even. A very high bar, unrealistic for the vast majority.
Note. ed. Note! The material was written a year ago, and the example below is now irrelevant. But we believe that the material can be useful and interesting today, so we decided to show it to you again. An example can serve as an illustration to the author's reasoning.
Consider a fresh match as an example, which is already in the line. A clear outsider and one of the contenders for the playoffs with good motivation for the end of the season. Yes, home underdogs, and even in the NHL, are always dangerous, but the "bluesmen" are fair favorites here.
Suggested odds. for their victory in regulation time - above 1.8, which is not bad, but for a victory with an over and a shootout - a miserable 1.5. Carl, 1.5, away, in the NHL!
Yes, it's just beyond good and evil, or robbery in broad daylight. With such odds, you will never be profitable not only in the NHL, but in hockey in general.
Ok, then you can play the underdog. It is possible, who argues, especially in the same NHL this case is justified. The odds will already be bigger, the break-even bar will be lower. But why get into a lottery over and a shootout when you can play with a handicap (0) or with your underdog's X in regular time? Yes, sometimes there will be an expense, when the result would be a victory with an over and a shootout, but there will also be a reverse situation. It's 50/50 or so, no matter what masters skate on the ice. I think that bookmakers set too high a price for such a lottery. I'd rather play in regular time with conservative rules and higher odds, the distance is on my side.
During the playoffs, the situation is somewhat different, there are no shootouts, normal overtime with full squads. Therefore, in this case, flirting with overtime is not so critical and odds. usually more than in the regular season, but I still prefer a handicap (0) or a clear win in regular time.
Everything I said about the NHL example applies to the KHL and European hockey, even though in the same KHL there are three points at stake, which are very logically and fairly divided outside of normal time (2 points for the winner and 1 point for the loser ). But even here I remain of the opinion, no matter who you play - the favorite, the underdog or the favorite with the underdog, it is better to predict based on the main time. There, the odds are more pleasant and there is no need to overpay for muddy overtime layouts, where there is more chance than game components.
All profit!
Now you will know everything about free throws in hockey.
Bullitt is the most controversial thing in modern hockey. Shootouts are the nerve, beauty and spectacular performance technique that constantly blows up YouTube. At the same time, many believe that a shootout cannot fairly determine the winner of the match.
Because of this, for example, the NHL changed the overtime format to 3-on-3 to increase the likelihood that the match would not go into a shootout. The IIHF, under whose auspices the hockey tournament at the Olympic Games is held, has also introduced the 3v3 format. But unlike the NHL, there are no "endless" overtimes in playoff matches in international tournaments.
Shootouts at the Olympics and World Championships are much rarer than penalty shoot-outs in football, but there are plenty of iconic moments associated with them. It was in the shootout that Sweden won the last World Championship. Canada did the same in 1994. And at the Olympic Games, Peter Forsberg's winning shootout in the 1994 final and the victory of the Czech Republic in the Nagano-1998 semi-final became famous.
The probability of implementing a penalty in football is about 85%, in hockey - only 30-35%. Even the best bullfighters shoot just over 50% of their shots in their careers. This is a much more difficult trick than a shot from eleven meters. Therefore, there are many ways to implement shootouts, and we will talk about them.
The most faithful
Simple Throwwhen the player is not stroking. Most hockey players do just that. There are several types of simple throws.
wrist throwfocused on accuracy. Shows Alexey Kovalev.
Click- A powerful strength roll, which is most often used by defenders. In this case, you no longer need to get very close to the goalkeeper. See how former Czech national team player Jiří Hudler does it.
half click- a hybrid of the two previous throws. Unlike a click, there is no strong swing of the club, but the force of the throw remains. This technique shows Kyle Terris: a seemingly simple throw, but lethal speed and strength - the goalkeeper does not even have time to move.
Targeting the "fifth point". The weak point of many goalkeepers is in the stance between the legs apart. This is constantly used by attacking opponents. Unfortunately, perhaps the main victims of this performance technique were just Russian goalkeepers - Sergei Bobrovsky in Sochi and Ilya Samsonov at the penultimate youth world championship were constantly punched by TJ Oshi and Troy Terry.
However, not only Bobrovsky fell victim to Osha - for example, Roberto Luongo did not even move during the shootout.
Stroke, a classic technique: on a false swing, confuse the goalkeeper, move and score. The execution depends on the degree of technicality of the performer: Matt Hendrix, the eternal checker of the fourth links, shows the initial level of goalkeeper deception.
The most spectacular
Spinorama. In the hockey school, every boy dreams of doing this. A run-up, a sudden 180-degree turn, the goaltender flops onto the ice and doesn't have time to turn around while you put the puck in the net...or not. Spinorama is a difficult technique to perform. For one bomb, there are dozens of failures and hundreds of uninteresting attempts in training.
Here Niklas Bergfors succeeded.
A special chic is to have time to turn around 360 degrees: the goalkeeper of "St. Louis" seemed to guess the intention of Mikhail Grabovsky to make a spinorama, but he outwitted him.
And you can also make a spinorama not at the gate, but at the very beginning of the movement to the gate. Linus Omark managed to combine three tricks at once in one throw: a spinorama, a false swing and finishes it all with a throw between the legs. Don't try this at home.
Fake Swing: God Level. Trick the goaltender into leaning against the corner of the net and watch as the puck, seemingly out of control, slowly crosses the line.
Nikita Kucherov is out of competition.
Yori Lehtera did something similar at one of the All-Star Games, but it was easier for him: realizing that this was a show, the goalkeeper played along with the Finnish striker. That does not negate the chic performance technique.
one-armed bandit. Who ever said that a club should be held with two hands? One was enough for Peter Forsberg. This is the most famous bullet, he even got on postage stamps and became a national treasure in Sweden. The striker said that he trained this throw only three times. But it was a decisive bullet in the finals of the Olympic Games!
Hockey, like any other sport, has its own rules, it uses its own terms and concepts. One of them is bullet. Bullitt is a free kick, which in most countries of the world is simply called "penalty", and the word "bullet" is used only in the countries of the former USSR.
A free kick in hockey became known as a bullet due to an accidental slip of the tongue by the Latvian referee Edgars Klavs. Participating in a 1946 seminar on the development of hockey in the Soviet Union, during the debate he compared a hockey player taking a free kick to an angry bull, and the word "bull" sounded in his speech in Latvian - "bullītis". There are several other versions of the birth of this term, but the story of Klavs is considered the main one. However, many foreign players believe that the word "bullet" comes from the English words "bullet" or "beat" - "bullet" or "bullet".
When are bullets given?
Shootouts in hockey are assigned in case of violations of the rules of the game, which became an obstacle to the attacking player and did not allow him to use the scoring situation, namely:
- In the case of the use of power techniques from behind.
- In case of use of power moves against a player without a puck
- When attacked, due to which the player missed the opportunity to score a goal.
- When a player deliberately falls on the puck or picks it up with his hands and stops the attack.
- In the event that there were no players between the injured player with the puck and the opposing goaltender.
- If a player or goalkeeper throws a stick or other object at the puck and prevents opponents from completing an attack.
- When in the last minutes of the match, when the goal is attacked or when playing in extra time, the goal is deliberately moved.
- In the event that an attacking player with or without the puck is attacked with a stick or other object thrown by a player or goaltender of the defending team.
- If in the last minutes of the match or during extra time, an intentional substitution of players is made, which leads to a numerical superiority.
How shootouts are done - rules
Bullitt- a throw while the player is moving towards the goal. The hockey player is forbidden to make a U-turn and take the puck out of the goalkeeper's field of vision, as well as to finish it after reflection. The goalkeeper during a shootout has the right to catch and beat the puck in any way convenient for him, with the exception of throwing a club or other object into the puck. During the execution of the shootout, all players remain on the sidelines and have no right to interfere with the execution of the penalty kick. The bullet is appointed by the arbiter and cannot be challenged during the game.